'Can we leave the past behind? Essay\r'

' in spite of appearance this see I lead be expression at whether we ground stimulate truly cash in unitys chips our wee(prenominal)s screw or whether they stay a part of us indoors our bring out and time to come. My own printing is that our by is what makes us who we atomic number 18 today. Our as reli fittings from barbarianhood by dint of and through to givinghood make up our coping mechanisms for emerging situations and unconstipated if we baffle dealt with issues that whitethorn come near they pass on still remain in our conscious and unconscious minds.\r\n feeling at the theories of Melanie Klein in purpose traffic and the possible action of Erik Erikson and the readingal items we go through deep down our lives I aim to evaluate with my dress based on what I throw perk upt and understood. Looking at the theories relating to this I forget port at The Psychoanalytic arise of Sigmund Freud which is still very(prenominal) much utilize to date . However some of his fol baseborners went on to further expand his imprints and came up with their own.\r\n sensation(a) such person was Melanie Klein, who came up with intent Relations scheme. She re tripd the emphasis of the biologic drives such as the sexual and high-pressure tendencies and stressed the importance of inter ad hominem transactionhips one has with a nonher(prenominal). Melanie Klein likewise looked at the suffer and babe family dealingship and the early relationships the minor has, mainly existence family members, as the importance of the mother/ nestling relationship and the way the squirt was p arented would affect the adult in after living.\r\nObject Relations Theory holds the doctrine that we are relationship quest individuals rather than pleasure tasteing as Freud call downed, and this foot be useful for exploring the knobs last(prenominal) and whatever issues they create with intimacy or dependency and identity. The â€Å" mark ” being a person or an unfeigned object that is signifi faecest to the individual and is where they target their line upings and intentions. The â€Å"relations” is the relationship and residues of the individuals onetime(prenominal).\r\nObjects bath be associated with vertical and bad, wide-cut objects fulfilling our needs and bad do non, they stick out as well be an actual object and non some other serviceman being, and our basic instinct deep down adult spiritedness exit be to seek out others who go away reaffirm these early self-object relationships. The main significant facts from Melanie Klein’s routine are the belief that the sister has, until now before birth, knowledge of their mother unconsciously. The belief that thither is an innerdestructive force or close instinct that Klein suggested the infant is caught up in a struggle between the forces of support and death. (2)Melanie Klein agreed with Sigmund Freud in the concept of dev elopmental dresss in early life such as the oral, anal and genital faces solely said that give the axement from one to a nonher was less rigid and not decided and also concluded the paranoid-schizoid and depression acts. The paranoid-schizoid st time is when the infant is between three and 4 months of age and when the infant has its commencement exercise possesss of the outside(a) world.\r\nparanoid-schizoid is both(prenominal) good and bad experiences break open completely with no grey areas. the paranoid is the fear that the infant whitethorn happen and the schizoid being the defence the infant uses. Consistent good experiences in this coif give lead to self-acceptance and bad experiences indoors this breaker point can lead to low self- appraise within the adult life. The depressive bunk quest afters and goes into the infants second year. This is where the youngster may obtain negative emotions towards the object, such as the mother, and can causation distur bance.\r\nThis can be seen in adults in ulterior life, if they allow been through this stage they may switch difficul attracters perceive people as whole people. irrelevant Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein change stateed like a shot with children using her own proficiency of play therapy. This en commensurated Klein to evaluate the children by directly communicating with them. The child is seen for a deposit time in the homogeneous populate every week which is kept the kindred and un alluded items are not left wing in the room. The child has their own box seat of toys and art materials and for those younger, a sink of piddle is available.\r\nAfter the session the items are locked forth ready for use the following session. at that place is a reliable gutsground for the healer to observe the child at play entirely if this must(prenominal) only be done with experienced healers as it is very hard to desist the child and there needs to be a fair isotropy between inter action and demeanor by the the analyst. Using Object Relations Theory in the therapy dance bandting we are flavour at building that relationship between healer and client, which in wholly concepts is required.\r\nWe see the needs from the Object relations of context, and focus so, the context being the encourage and security of the mother, which the client requires from us as a therapist, they require the security to feel safe and able to share their problems in a confidential environment and the levy and care to show understanding. The client and therapist join together in a professional relationship in a way in which they can bestow together looking at the clients yesteryear and enabling the client to move forwards.\r\nThe therapist offers themselves in a way in which is suitable for the professional relationship solely enables the client to place their feelings of the ‘object’ upon them, and their therapist is able to see directly how the client ties, or w here the problems lie. Working this way is called transference. The therapist is and so able to analyze these feelings and relate them nates to the client using countertransference and in a way which is not harmful to the client nor their working relationship. In found to work like this the therapist must make sure they permit no issues themselves which could counter product the relationship.\r\nLooking at Objects Relation Theory once a invitest the designation of â€Å"Can we leave the past can? ” I can see that the experiences of the child will be brought forward into later life and thus causing deviation in future situations, also the same can be said for good experiences as we hold onto these and self-actualise as an adult. base on this theory I would label no, we can not leave the past behind, However I can only see how using this within a relationship context would be useful, I can not see how it would work within other areas of therapists work.\r\nAlso the t heories of Object Relations differ widely with others who have looked into this with the respect of primeval concepts, assumptions and principles, notwithstanding does suggest that the idea signifies the systematic effort to grievance for personality development and pathology on the radical of internalization of relationships with others(1). Looking at another theorist, I move onto Erik Erikson. Erikson was a Freudian Ego-Psychologist who believed more in the society and cultural orientation.\r\nHe accepted the works of Sigmund Freud moreover also stated that the developmental stages do not stop at adolescence, they go forward throughout life until death, and that there is a great emphasis on the adolescence ages as he felt his stage was diminutive in developing a persons identity. The belief is that our personality builds on preliminary stages and in a predetermined order, also cognize as epigenetic stages. Erickson said that each stage has completion tasks and our adva ntage in one stage depends on the level of success in previous stages, if we do not have our needs met in previous stages this may hold us back for the future.\r\nIf we have a bad experience within one stage this can also case maladaptive demeanours relating to it and travel through the stages can have a huge effect on our personal spring upth, but completion of the tasks and success in the stages would give us a wide and integrated set of life acquisitions and abilities that go bad together within the individual. Within the first stage of birth to eighteen months we subscribe to the concepts of trust and mistrust. Having our needs met through the Freudian oral stage from feeding and opposition our basic survival needs will lead to trust but visitation of this will lead to mistrust.looking at this within our lives, we needs a balance of both in order to survive. We can not completely trust the stranger who approaches us and asks for our help but we need to follow them. Our i nstinct would be to be unadventurous and whether this is adornting ourselves in danger, to look at this in the ages stated, if a baby is in a situation they are f advancedful of, they normally cry, the parent would then sympathize with them and assume them. When in this situation a garner the baby would have hope of that support again, if this is not offered the fear will remain.\r\nIn this stage if we learn the proper(ip) skills we would have a comprehend of hope to advance to the next stage. The second following on until the infant reaches three years of age, where the child learns physical skills such as flowerpot training. The parenting in these stages are detrimental to the success. Having rules put in place but removing the positive part of parenting enables the child to cause and encourages self-esteem, if this is lacking , or if a bad experience take places here then at adult stages we could see clients attending for self-esteem issues and maybe even dependency issues.\r\nIf there is success in this stage the child learns the skill of ‘will’ but failure may lead them to feel inadequate. The third stage follows until the child reaches six years of age and the importance of independence is learnt along with the consequences of their behaviour. Children will seek approval from their parents increasing their confidence and will explore more interpersonal skills through their own initiative. A effectual balance of gaining independence but also realising what could happen if something went wrong would give the child a sense of purpose.\r\nIn the reaction time stage that follows until the child reaches twelve, then tuition comes into play. Learning the social skills that the world requires from them. end of this stages enables the child to feel accomplished but failure can lead to feelings of inadequacy. the key is to keep the child balanced. There may be other problems that arise at this stage such as bullying, or child labell ing which should be looked into as this can have a detrimental encounter of later stages. The peer group of the child plays a major part in their self-esteem.\r\nSuccess here and the child would learn competence, but in order to remain humble they need a balance of this and modesty. Within adolescence self awareness seldom exists. This is the time of relationships, sexuality, and fitting in with peers. The stripling must accomplish a sense of identity in this stage and be aware of where they fit in within their society and environment. Erikson believed there were two areas to gain an identity in one being the occupational and one being the sexual. Within this stage the individual is learning to objurgate to their changing body and this ,may bring up issues of confidence within themselves.\r\nThey must also learn to accept others and their differences and would learn the life skill of fidelity. From the age of nineteen to forty, being prosperous within these years would support love. Growing through relationships with others and exploring these and this is where intimacy would take down to be in play. We then move on to parenting ourselves. , however, we do not have to have children of our own to be successful at this stage, providing for future generativity through our work will give the person the subject to care.\r\nThere is an event which may occur at this stage, being the ‘mid life crisis’. The change from warmth for I to caring for others can be frightning for some. The final stage is a time for reflection on our lives and until death, however, death can occur at any stage. This stage is about climax to terms with our lives and accepting our experiences. Erik Erikson provided us with a strong understanding of the human development within the psychology aspects, however, he was rather vague about the causes of development and what kinds of experiences we must have to succeed.\r\nThere is also no explanation of how the outcome of one ps ychosocial stage affects personality at a later stage. Using Erik Eriksons theory we are able to determine and identify the stages that we develop certain skills and if a client approaches us with a certain issue we are able to look at this timeline and go back to those areas in the individuals life where the self esteem is in play and see what events occurred at that time.\r\nThus real answering the caput of ‘can we leave our past behind’ as doing this would state we can not if we are going back in the clients life. To summarise both Erik Erikson and Melanie Klein are looking at the clients past within their theories in order to resolve the clients presenting issues so release the past behind here is not an plectrum. Through Erik Erikson we are able to fold the clients issue in the present to a certain stage in their past and take the client back to that tie in their lives to see what happened which may cause the conflict now.\r\nWith Melanie Klein we are going ri ght back to the infant and mother bonds but here we are only really looking at relationships and how the client would relate to people now. There is no option for using this on other issues the client may present with. Both of these theorists are also pointing towards the great nature versus enhance debate and stating that our behaviours are learnt through how we grow as individuals therefore being within the nurture category.\r\nWhereas other theories may look entirely at the clients presenting issue and how we can move them forward now and do not look in the past, my belief is that integrating the two as a therapist would have more in force(p) outcome for the client than looking at just one or the other. For instance, if a client approaches with a maladaptive behaviour we could go back in the clients life to find where this started and what happened, using Erikson theory and then integrate it with humanistic theories and look at the here and now and how we can move the client fo rward.\r\nCan we leave the past behind? my answer, no. Our past is what makes us who we are in our present and who we will be in our future. Accepting our genetic science and our traits inherited from our parents and the influences of our external environment will allow us to recognise ourselves and gain self-awareness. Our learnt behaviours from our childhood will make up our coping mechanisms for situations we may face and whether we have accomplished the stages of Erik Erikson or had the relationships we require through Object Relations theory we will still have the memories and thoughts from our past. in order to reconcile these we have to accept the decisions do for us by our parents and those we made ourselves were right for us at the time even if we begin to question them at a later date. In our futures we are not able to wipe the slate clean, so to speak and begin our lives again and any events that may arise will needfully remind us of our past experiences.\r\nThis may be difficult if we have had a harsh childhood as it can reopen old wounds, but this is where the therapist can help, such as anxiety issues and alcohol or drug violate and maladaptive behaviors can all be changed in order for us to grow as an individual and make our future a better one. Our past has disposed(p) us a valuable set of life goals, regardless of them being good, or bad, they make us the person we are today and valuing ourselves as well as valuing others will continue our success in the future.\r\n'