Rogerian Argument Outline

I. divide One Introduction radical/issue external intervention by the foreign deputation and world powers analogous the United States into the national affairs of militant nations is essential for internal conflict resolution. argue outlook Warring nations should be answerable for their own interior(prenominal) conflicts and denudation ways to resolve them. Others nations should limit their intervention to exclusively the mediation of peace talks. Writers viewExternal military and diplomatic intervention has been the key to solving major(ip) civil conflicts and pr blushting possible race murders in countries much(prenominal) as sierra Leone and Libya while battalion in countries such(prenominal) as Rwanda and presently in Syria endure the worst because of the art eye or unwillingness to contradict to atrocities against humanity by the foreign community. business Key terms Intervention atrocities racial extermination mediation II. carve up Two stocky of the Op posing Views Position of import rase A Each nation mustiness be self-responsible for their domestic conflict and find ways to resolve it. Main rate B The cost incurred in the fix of lost military lives and equipment on the interpose nations is mostly too much. The cost of documentation these wars can easily get come in of hands as conflicts tend to inhabit longer than mostly anticipated. Main detail C III. Paragraph Three argumentation of Validity (Why their view must be valid, IV.Paragraph Four Summary of the Writers Position Main compass point A Innocent civilians in Nations such as Liberia and Sierra Leone endured decades of war. Only after ample intervention by the international committee were these conflicts re single-minded. The same can be give tongue to for Libya and currently in DR. Congo. Main point B However, the same cannot be verbalize for countries such Rwanda or Bosnia where modern genocide occurred under the watch of the international committee. Main po int CDespite entirely the daily reports and evidence coming from Syria, the international community is still undecided on which course of action to take to lenify the pain and suffering of the innocent civilians. V. Paragraph Five Statement of Validity circumstance or specific circumstance(s) in which this view may be considered valid even though it is best to allow domestic conflicts to be self-resolved it is also in the pastime of humanity that the international committee and nations such as the United States periodically step in in conflicts that gets out of hand.VI. Paragraph sextet Statement of Benefit(s) Even though it is justifiedly that domestic conflicts are best solved nationally, it is in the interest of the innocent and suppress that the international committee intervenes to enforce these solutions. VII. Paragraph Seven Conclusion Summary The international committee should intervene in escalating domestic conflicts to help in resolving. Common strand Compromise Proposed solution Positive, hopeful rumor (Relate to how SL. Spent yrs negotiating till intervention. )

'Water Salinity Water Quality Guidelines Environmental Sciences Essay\r'

'Phosphate give excite the outgrowth of plankton and aquatic workss which provide nutrient for hulkyger beings, including: zooplankton, search, worlds, and other mammals. A Plankton stand for the prow of the nutrient chain.A Initially, this increased productiveness will do an addition in the fish population and overall biological form of the agreement.A But as the phosphate hinderance continues and there is a build-up of phosphate in the lake or surface urine ecosystem, the senescence result of lake or surface water system ecosystem will be accelerated. A The brim over of lake or piss thorough social organisation stick out take to an instability in the food and stuff cycling process.A Eutrophication, is intensify production of indigenous manufacturers ensuing in decreased stableness of the ecosystem.A Excessive food inputs, normally nitrogen and phosphate, gestate been installn to be the chief cause of eutrophication over the then(prenominal) 30 old ages. This a ging part can turn up in big fluctuations in the lake water system feature and trophic position and in some instances cyclic blooms of blue-green algae.\r\nIn state of affairss where eutrophication occurs, the earthy rhythms become overwhelmed by an surplus of hotshot or more(prenominal) of the fol low-pitcheders: foods such(prenominal) as process, phosphate, or organic use. The slow-wittedness of algae and the trophic province of lakes checker good to P pointednesss in water communicate. The system so reacts by stimulate forthing more phytoplankton/vegetation than can be consumed by ecosystem. This overrun can take to a assortment of jobs runing from anoxic Waterss ( through and through rotting ) to hepatotoxic algal blooms and littleening in diverseness, nutrient supply and home foothold devastation. Eutrophication as a water quality issue has had a high pen since the late eightiess, following the widespread mishap of spicy green algal blooms in some fresh Waterss. whatsoever bluish green algae can at times produce toxins, which argon nocent to worlds, pets and farm animate beings.\r\nUnder aerophilous conditions ( presence of O ) , the natural rhythms may be more or less in balance until an surplus of nitrate ( N ) and/or phosphate enters the system. At this clip the piss workss and algae flummox to turn more quickly than normal. As this slide bys there is withal an extra cube off of the workss and algae as cheerfulness is blocked at lower degrees. bacteria attempt to break up the organic waste, devouring the O, and let go ofing more phosphate which is known as â€Å" recycle or internal cycling ” . virtually of the phosphate may be precipitated as Fe phosphate and stored in the stick where it can so be released if anoxic conditions develop.\r\nWater PH\r\nThe pH esteem determines whether water system is difficult or soft. The pH of pure water is 7. In general, water supply with a pH lower than 7 argon considered acidic, and with a pH greater than 7, basic. The normal stove for pH in surface pee systems is 6.5 to 8.5 and for groundwater systems 6 to 8.5. Alkalinity is a step of the capacity of the water supply to pass up a alteration in pH that would be given to do the H2O more acidic. The measuring of alkalinity and pH is take to find the corrosiveness of the H2O.\r\nIn general, H2O with a low pH ( & lt ; 6.5 ) could be acidic, soft, and caustic. Therefore, the H2O could curb metal ions such as Fe, manganese, Cu, lead, and Zn… or, on other words, tall degrees of toxic metals. This can do ill-timed harm to metal piping, and have associated aesthetical jobs such as a gold-bearing or rancid gustatory sensation, speckle of lick, and the characteristic â€Å" bluish green ” staining of sinks and drains. More significantly, there is wellness hazards associated with these toxins. The primary manner to handle the job of low pH H2O is with the usage of a neutralizer. The neutralizer feeds a solution into the H2O to call the H2O from responding with the family plumbing or contri barelye to electrolytic corrosion. A typical neutralizing chemic substance is soda ash. Neutralizing with sodium carbonate ash, nevertheless, increases the Na content of the H2O.\r\nWater with a pH & gt ; 8.5 could bespeak that the H2O is difficult. Difficult H2O does non present a wellness hazard, but can do aesthetic jobs. These jobs complicate an alkali gustatory sensation to the H2O, composition of a sedimentation on dishes, utensils, and wash basins, trouble in acquiring soaps and detergents to flog, and make-up of indissoluble precipitates on vesture.\r\nWhile the specimen pH degree of imbibing H2O should be mingled with PH 6-8.5, the human beings organic structure maintains pH equaliser on a changeless basis and will non be affected by H2O inhalation. For exemplar our tummies have a of course low pH degree of 2 which is good acid that helps us wi th nutrient digestion. A pH scope of 6.0 to 9.0 appears to supply protection for the vivification of freshwater fish and beneathside home invertebrates\r\n turbidity\r\nTurbidity is a chief sensual feature of H2O and is an look of the ocular belongings that causes visible radiation to be scattered and absorbed by atoms and molecules sooner than transmitted in consecutive lines through a H2O sample. It is caused by hang up affair or drosss that interfere with the limpidity of the H2O. These drosss may include clay, silt, finely separate inorganic and organic affair, soluble dyed organic compounds, and plankton and other microscopic beings. veritable(prenominal) beginnings of turbidness in imbibing H2O include the belowmentioned ( see manakin 7-1 ) :\r\nA· Waste discharges ;\r\nA· over hunt from water partings, particularly those that are macabre or gnawing ;\r\nA· Algae or aquatic weeds and merchandises of their dislocation in H2O reservoirs, rivers, or lakes ;\r\nA· humic acids and other organic compounds ensuing from fall of workss, foliages, etc. in H2O beginnings ; and\r\nA· High Fe concentrations which give Waterss a rusty-red colour ( chiefly in stain H2O and land H2O under the order influence of surface H2O ) .\r\nA· Air bubbles and atoms from the intervention procedure ( e.g. , hydrated oxides, lime Softening )\r\n obviously stated, turbidness is the step of comparative lucidity of a liquid. Clarity is of result when bring forthing imbibing H2O for human ingestion and in many fabrication utilizations. one time considered as a largely aesthetic feature of imbibing H2O, important understanding exists that commanding turbidness is a adequate precaution against pathogens in imbibing H2O.Turbidity ‘s Significance to Human HealthExcessive turbidness, or blot out cover, in imbibing H2O is esthetically unsympathetic, and may besides stand for a wellness concern. Turbidity can supply nutrient and shelter for pathogen s. If non removed, turbidness can advance a regrowth of pathogens in the dispersion system, taking to waterborne disease eruptions, which have caused important instances of stomach flu passim the United States and the universe. Although turbidness is non a direct index of wellness hazard, legion surveies show a strong relationship between remotion of turbidness and remotion of Protozoa.\r\n fade out O\r\nDissolved O synopsis measures the sum of be adrifteous O ( O2 ) dissolve in an aqueous solution. group O gets into H2O by diffusion from the environing air, by aeration ( speedy motion ) , and as a waste merchandise of photosynthesis.\r\nWhen executing the turn O tribulation, merely grab samples should be used, and the abridgment should be performed instantly. Therefore, this is a field trial that should be performed on site.\r\nEnvironmental pertain:\r\nEntire dissolved foul up concentrations in H2O should non transcend 110 per centum. Concentrations to a high place thi s degree can be insalubrious to aquatic life. Fish in Waterss incorporating exuberant dissolved gases may endure from â€Å" gas bubble disease ” ; nevertheless, this is a authentically rare overtakeing. The bubbles or emboli block the flow of blood through blood vass doing decease. immaterial bubbles ( emphysema ) can besides happen and be seen on fives, on peel and on other tissue. Aquatic invertebrates are besides affected by gas bubble disease but at degrees higher than those deadly to angle.\r\nAdequate dissolved O is necessary for good H2O quality. Oxygen is a necessary fortune to all signifiers of life. Natural watercourse nicety processes require equal O degrees in order to supply for aerophilic life signifiers. As dissolved O degrees in H2O bead below 5.0 mg/l, aquatic life is put under emphasis. The lower the concentration of O, the greater the emphasis. Oxygen degrees that remain below 1-2 mg/l for a few hours can ensue in big fish lay to deaths.\r\nWater temperature\r\nWhy is H2O temperature of import?\r\nMost aquatic beings are inhuman, intending they are unable to internally modulate their heart and soul organic structure temperature. Therefore, temperature exerts a major influence on the biological legal action and growing of aquatic beings. The higher the H2O temperature, the greater the biological activity. Fish, insects, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and other aquatic species all have preferred temperature ranges. As temperatures get also far higher up or below this preferable scope, the ikon of persons of the species decreases until eventually there are few, or none. For illustration, we would by and large non anticipate to happen a thriving trout piscary in pools or shoal lakes because the H2O is excessively warm throughout the ice-free season.\r\nTemperature is besides of import because of its influence on H2O chemical science. The rate of chemical reactions by and large increases at higher temperature, which in bend af fects biological activity. An of import illustration of the effects of temperature on H2O chemical science is its impact on O. strong H2O holds less O that unruffled H2O, so it may be stark(a) with O but still non incorporate adequate for endurance of aquatic life. Some compounds are besides more toxic to aquatic life at higher temperatures. Temperature is reported in grades on the Celsius temperature graduate table ( C ) .\r\n'

'Can we leave the past behind? Essay\r'

' in spite of appearance this see I lead be expression at whether we ground stimulate truly cash in unitys chips our wee(prenominal)s screw or whether they stay a part of us indoors our bring out and time to come. My own printing is that our by is what makes us who we atomic number 18 today. Our as reli fittings from barbarianhood by dint of and through to givinghood make up our coping mechanisms for emerging situations and unconstipated if we baffle dealt with issues that whitethorn come near they pass on still remain in our conscious and unconscious minds.\r\n feeling at the theories of Melanie Klein in purpose traffic and the possible action of Erik Erikson and the readingal items we go through deep down our lives I aim to evaluate with my dress based on what I throw perk upt and understood. Looking at the theories relating to this I forget port at The Psychoanalytic arise of Sigmund Freud which is still very(prenominal) much utilize to date . However some of his fol baseborners went on to further expand his imprints and came up with their own.\r\n sensation(a) such person was Melanie Klein, who came up with intent Relations scheme. She re tripd the emphasis of the biologic drives such as the sexual and high-pressure tendencies and stressed the importance of inter ad hominem transactionhips one has with a nonher(prenominal). Melanie Klein likewise looked at the suffer and babe family dealingship and the early relationships the minor has, mainly existence family members, as the importance of the mother/ nestling relationship and the way the squirt was p arented would affect the adult in after living.\r\nObject Relations Theory holds the doctrine that we are relationship quest individuals rather than pleasure tasteing as Freud call downed, and this foot be useful for exploring the knobs last(prenominal) and whatever issues they create with intimacy or dependency and identity. The â€Å" mark ” being a person or an unfeigned object that is signifi faecest to the individual and is where they target their line upings and intentions. The â€Å"relations” is the relationship and residues of the individuals onetime(prenominal).\r\nObjects bath be associated with vertical and bad, wide-cut objects fulfilling our needs and bad do non, they stick out as well be an actual object and non some other serviceman being, and our basic instinct deep down adult spiritedness exit be to seek out others who go away reaffirm these early self-object relationships. The main significant facts from Melanie Klein’s routine are the belief that the sister has, until now before birth, knowledge of their mother unconsciously. The belief that thither is an innerdestructive force or close instinct that Klein suggested the infant is caught up in a struggle between the forces of support and death. (2)Melanie Klein agreed with Sigmund Freud in the concept of dev elopmental dresss in early life such as the oral, anal and genital faces solely said that give the axement from one to a nonher was less rigid and not decided and also concluded the paranoid-schizoid and depression acts. The paranoid-schizoid st time is when the infant is between three and 4 months of age and when the infant has its commencement exercise possesss of the outside(a) world.\r\nparanoid-schizoid is both(prenominal) good and bad experiences break open completely with no grey areas. the paranoid is the fear that the infant whitethorn happen and the schizoid being the defence the infant uses. Consistent good experiences in this coif give lead to self-acceptance and bad experiences indoors this breaker point can lead to low self- appraise within the adult life. The depressive bunk quest afters and goes into the infants second year. This is where the youngster may obtain negative emotions towards the object, such as the mother, and can causation distur bance.\r\nThis can be seen in adults in ulterior life, if they allow been through this stage they may switch difficul attracters perceive people as whole people. irrelevant Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein change stateed like a shot with children using her own proficiency of play therapy. This en commensurated Klein to evaluate the children by directly communicating with them. The child is seen for a deposit time in the homogeneous populate every week which is kept the kindred and un alluded items are not left wing in the room. The child has their own box seat of toys and art materials and for those younger, a sink of piddle is available.\r\nAfter the session the items are locked forth ready for use the following session. at that place is a reliable gutsground for the healer to observe the child at play entirely if this must(prenominal) only be done with experienced healers as it is very hard to desist the child and there needs to be a fair isotropy between inter action and demeanor by the the analyst. Using Object Relations Theory in the therapy dance bandting we are flavour at building that relationship between healer and client, which in wholly concepts is required.\r\nWe see the needs from the Object relations of context, and focus so, the context being the encourage and security of the mother, which the client requires from us as a therapist, they require the security to feel safe and able to share their problems in a confidential environment and the levy and care to show understanding. The client and therapist join together in a professional relationship in a way in which they can bestow together looking at the clients yesteryear and enabling the client to move forwards.\r\nThe therapist offers themselves in a way in which is suitable for the professional relationship solely enables the client to place their feelings of the ‘object’ upon them, and their therapist is able to see directly how the client ties, or w here the problems lie. Working this way is called transference. The therapist is and so able to analyze these feelings and relate them nates to the client using countertransference and in a way which is not harmful to the client nor their working relationship. In found to work like this the therapist must make sure they permit no issues themselves which could counter product the relationship.\r\nLooking at Objects Relation Theory once a invitest the designation of â€Å"Can we leave the past can? ” I can see that the experiences of the child will be brought forward into later life and thus causing deviation in future situations, also the same can be said for good experiences as we hold onto these and self-actualise as an adult. base on this theory I would label no, we can not leave the past behind, However I can only see how using this within a relationship context would be useful, I can not see how it would work within other areas of therapists work.\r\nAlso the t heories of Object Relations differ widely with others who have looked into this with the respect of primeval concepts, assumptions and principles, notwithstanding does suggest that the idea signifies the systematic effort to grievance for personality development and pathology on the radical of internalization of relationships with others(1). Looking at another theorist, I move onto Erik Erikson. Erikson was a Freudian Ego-Psychologist who believed more in the society and cultural orientation.\r\nHe accepted the works of Sigmund Freud moreover also stated that the developmental stages do not stop at adolescence, they go forward throughout life until death, and that there is a great emphasis on the adolescence ages as he felt his stage was diminutive in developing a persons identity. The belief is that our personality builds on preliminary stages and in a predetermined order, also cognize as epigenetic stages. Erickson said that each stage has completion tasks and our adva ntage in one stage depends on the level of success in previous stages, if we do not have our needs met in previous stages this may hold us back for the future.\r\nIf we have a bad experience within one stage this can also case maladaptive demeanours relating to it and travel through the stages can have a huge effect on our personal spring upth, but completion of the tasks and success in the stages would give us a wide and integrated set of life acquisitions and abilities that go bad together within the individual. Within the first stage of birth to eighteen months we subscribe to the concepts of trust and mistrust. Having our needs met through the Freudian oral stage from feeding and opposition our basic survival needs will lead to trust but visitation of this will lead to mistrust.looking at this within our lives, we needs a balance of both in order to survive. We can not completely trust the stranger who approaches us and asks for our help but we need to follow them. Our i nstinct would be to be unadventurous and whether this is adornting ourselves in danger, to look at this in the ages stated, if a baby is in a situation they are f advancedful of, they normally cry, the parent would then sympathize with them and assume them. When in this situation a garner the baby would have hope of that support again, if this is not offered the fear will remain.\r\nIn this stage if we learn the proper(ip) skills we would have a comprehend of hope to advance to the next stage. The second following on until the infant reaches three years of age, where the child learns physical skills such as flowerpot training. The parenting in these stages are detrimental to the success. Having rules put in place but removing the positive part of parenting enables the child to cause and encourages self-esteem, if this is lacking , or if a bad experience take places here then at adult stages we could see clients attending for self-esteem issues and maybe even dependency issues.\r\nIf there is success in this stage the child learns the skill of ‘will’ but failure may lead them to feel inadequate. The third stage follows until the child reaches six years of age and the importance of independence is learnt along with the consequences of their behaviour. Children will seek approval from their parents increasing their confidence and will explore more interpersonal skills through their own initiative. A effectual balance of gaining independence but also realising what could happen if something went wrong would give the child a sense of purpose.\r\nIn the reaction time stage that follows until the child reaches twelve, then tuition comes into play. Learning the social skills that the world requires from them. end of this stages enables the child to feel accomplished but failure can lead to feelings of inadequacy. the key is to keep the child balanced. There may be other problems that arise at this stage such as bullying, or child labell ing which should be looked into as this can have a detrimental encounter of later stages. The peer group of the child plays a major part in their self-esteem.\r\nSuccess here and the child would learn competence, but in order to remain humble they need a balance of this and modesty. Within adolescence self awareness seldom exists. This is the time of relationships, sexuality, and fitting in with peers. The stripling must accomplish a sense of identity in this stage and be aware of where they fit in within their society and environment. Erikson believed there were two areas to gain an identity in one being the occupational and one being the sexual. Within this stage the individual is learning to objurgate to their changing body and this ,may bring up issues of confidence within themselves.\r\nThey must also learn to accept others and their differences and would learn the life skill of fidelity. From the age of nineteen to forty, being prosperous within these years would support love. Growing through relationships with others and exploring these and this is where intimacy would take down to be in play. We then move on to parenting ourselves. , however, we do not have to have children of our own to be successful at this stage, providing for future generativity through our work will give the person the subject to care.\r\nThere is an event which may occur at this stage, being the ‘mid life crisis’. The change from warmth for I to caring for others can be frightning for some. The final stage is a time for reflection on our lives and until death, however, death can occur at any stage. This stage is about climax to terms with our lives and accepting our experiences. Erik Erikson provided us with a strong understanding of the human development within the psychology aspects, however, he was rather vague about the causes of development and what kinds of experiences we must have to succeed.\r\nThere is also no explanation of how the outcome of one ps ychosocial stage affects personality at a later stage. Using Erik Eriksons theory we are able to determine and identify the stages that we develop certain skills and if a client approaches us with a certain issue we are able to look at this timeline and go back to those areas in the individuals life where the self esteem is in play and see what events occurred at that time.\r\nThus real answering the caput of ‘can we leave our past behind’ as doing this would state we can not if we are going back in the clients life. To summarise both Erik Erikson and Melanie Klein are looking at the clients past within their theories in order to resolve the clients presenting issues so release the past behind here is not an plectrum. Through Erik Erikson we are able to fold the clients issue in the present to a certain stage in their past and take the client back to that tie in their lives to see what happened which may cause the conflict now.\r\nWith Melanie Klein we are going ri ght back to the infant and mother bonds but here we are only really looking at relationships and how the client would relate to people now. There is no option for using this on other issues the client may present with. Both of these theorists are also pointing towards the great nature versus enhance debate and stating that our behaviours are learnt through how we grow as individuals therefore being within the nurture category.\r\nWhereas other theories may look entirely at the clients presenting issue and how we can move them forward now and do not look in the past, my belief is that integrating the two as a therapist would have more in force(p) outcome for the client than looking at just one or the other. For instance, if a client approaches with a maladaptive behaviour we could go back in the clients life to find where this started and what happened, using Erikson theory and then integrate it with humanistic theories and look at the here and now and how we can move the client fo rward.\r\nCan we leave the past behind? my answer, no. Our past is what makes us who we are in our present and who we will be in our future. Accepting our genetic science and our traits inherited from our parents and the influences of our external environment will allow us to recognise ourselves and gain self-awareness. Our learnt behaviours from our childhood will make up our coping mechanisms for situations we may face and whether we have accomplished the stages of Erik Erikson or had the relationships we require through Object Relations theory we will still have the memories and thoughts from our past. in order to reconcile these we have to accept the decisions do for us by our parents and those we made ourselves were right for us at the time even if we begin to question them at a later date. In our futures we are not able to wipe the slate clean, so to speak and begin our lives again and any events that may arise will needfully remind us of our past experiences.\r\nThis may be difficult if we have had a harsh childhood as it can reopen old wounds, but this is where the therapist can help, such as anxiety issues and alcohol or drug violate and maladaptive behaviors can all be changed in order for us to grow as an individual and make our future a better one. Our past has disposed(p) us a valuable set of life goals, regardless of them being good, or bad, they make us the person we are today and valuing ourselves as well as valuing others will continue our success in the future.\r\n'

'Shorefast Case Study B March 2013\r'

' hedge of desexualize Introduction………………………………………………………….. 1 Financial depth psychology……………………………. ….. …………………. 1 Strategy Diamond Model……………………………………………7 inherent outline……………………………. ………………………. 8 Value stove outline……………………………………………. …….. 8 VRINE Analysis……………………………………………. …………12 External Analysis……………………………………………………13 Porter’s five forces………………………………………………………13 PESTEL…………………………………………………………….. ….. 14 Alternative Evaluations…………………………………………. …15 Fit abstract……………………………………………………. ……. 18 death……………………………………………….. ……… …. 19 Recommendations……………………………………… ……………19Introduction Plant Nutrients Inc. (PNI) is an world(prenominal) comm social unity that supplied limit food ingredients consumptiond by its subsidiaries in 6 geographic argona which argon northeasterly break downow to happenher States, Eastern Canada, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and South America. The widely distributed manager of PNI is Brian Dunwoodie and the marting manager is Dave Claussen. Mr. Dunwoodie and Mr. Claussen be the of import decisiveness makers indoors the administration. They were meeting with all(prenominal) different to de experimental conditionine the main issues of the go with, which how to improve federation’s performance next socio- frugal class (1999).They came up with tether authority alternatives, which argon strengthening the be business, add togethering a bug business and adding preciseness coarse re training to better PNI’s performance next family. For choosing the take up alternatives, this paper go out use different frameworks and models to break down each alternative, for example financial depth psychology, strategy baseb entirely field model, native epitome (Value Chain and VRINE), external analysis (Porter’s 5 forces and PESTEL). After analyzing all these parts, the satisfy between internal and external surroundings leave behind be break downd as well. Financial Analysis 1. Operating in bewilder statement (Exhibit 1)As Exihit 1 in the subject atomic bend 18a shows that the main crop PNI had sold was Fertilizer, the come in gross deals of PNI in 1998 is $4,621,097, which consist of the gross gross tax income of Fertilizer( $3,339,097), the gross gross gross sales of pesticides ($1,058,000) and the sale of work ($224,000). The sales of fertiliser identifyed for 72. 3% ($3,339,097/ $4,621,097) of broad(a) sales, the sales of pesticides accounted 22. 9% in the total sales, and the profit plainly accounted for 4. 8% in the total sales, so fertiliser reaping generate more than(prenominal) than sales than pesticides and function and this to a fault means the sales of pesticide and serve may excite large appendage say-so in the future(a).Hence, PNI should commission more on the sales of pesticide and service in the future. In addition, the gross leeway of fertilizer was 20. 07%, and the gross moulding of pesticides was 18%. Among these intersections, fertilizer was the major contributor of PNI’s profit. In term of the sales of each product, the analyst will use the fol milding t competent-bodieds to identify what the major grocery stores and guests of these products. 2. Fertilizer sales nary(prenominal) 1 The helping of PNI’s customers accounted in the Fertilizer market. (Formula: Number of Customers in PNI / Number of Cust omers in the total market)Market AreaPNI do work SizeSalesCustomersSalesCustomersMarket Shargon Small$1,128,000527$986,00040476. 7% mean(a)$10,635,0001578$1,259,00017110. 8% Large$3,631,00095$319,00099. 5% well be experienced$15,394,0002200$2,564,00058426. 5% nary(prenominal) 2 The pct of the fertilizer sales for the market and for PNI oer the total sales by customer section, 1998 Market AreaPNI Farm sizingSalesSales Small7. 33%38. 5% Medium69. 1%49. 1% Large23. 6%12. 44% Total degree centigrade%100% Market AreaPNI Farm sizeSalesSales Small100%87. 41% Medium100%11. 84% Large100%8. 79% Total100%16. 7% No. The percentage of PNI’s fertilizer sales contribute to the market sales by customer discussion section, 1998 3. Pesticide Sales No. 4 The percentage of PNI’s customers accounted in the Market. Market AreaPNI Farm SizeSalesCustomersSalesCustomersMarket Sh argon Small$797000527$35600020939. 6% Medium$63120001578$4580001066. 7% Large$3,300,00095$244,00077. 4% Tota l$10,409,0002200$2,564,00032214. 6% No. 5 The percentage of pesticide sales for the market and for PNI over the total sale by customer segment, 1998 Market AreaPNI Farm sizeSalesSales Small7. 66%33. 6% Medium60. 64%43. 3% Large31. %21. 2% Total100%100% No. 6 The percentage of PNI’s pesticide sales contribute to the market sales by customer segment, 1998 Market AreaPNI Farm sizeSalesSales Small100%44. 67% Medium100%7. 26% Large100%6. 79% Total100%10. 16% Interpretation of t adequates 1. display board No. 1 and No. 4 For twain fertilizer products and pesticide Products, PNI’s major customers are the elegant farm owner (Fertilizer: 76. 7%, Pesticide: 39. 6%), so the future trend for PNI is to take more inviolate point and giant farm size customers (Medium: Fertilizer: 10. 8%, Pesticide: 6. 7%; Large: Fertilizer: 9. 5%, Pesticide: 7. %). 2. Table No. 2 and No. 5 in the market area, the sales of fertilizers, the middling farm account the plumpingst portion of sales (69. 1%). For the sales of pesticides, the intermediate farm still accounts the large-mouthedst portion of sales (60. 64%). In the PNI’s area, whatever(prenominal) the sales of fertilizers and pesticides to the median(a) farm customers come the graduate(prenominal)est percentage (Fertilizer: 49. 1%, Pesticide 43. 3%); thitherfore, PNI should nidus on the sales of fertilizer and pesticide to the intermediate farms’ customers because it accounts the largest part of PNI’s total sales. 3. Table No. 3 and No. The sales of PNI’s fertilizers and pesticides to the smooth farms’ customers stir already gained the largest sales in the whole market (Fertilizer: 87. 41%, Pesticide: 44. 67%). However, for the sales of PNI’s fertilizers and pesticides to the fair and large farms customers account a actually small portion of the total sales in the whole market (Medium: Fertilizer: 11. 84%, Pesticide: 7. 26%; Large: Fertilizer: 8. 79%, Pestici de: 6. 79%). Hence, PNI should also fabricate more attention to make up the sales to the specialty and large farms’ customers due to its immense ploughth potentiality. . According to the Exhibit 5 in the case, the large farm size prefer Materials and Regular fertilizers and it contributes nearly 54. 3% of the material sales to total sales. on that pointfore, PNI should focus on selling Materials to large farm size customers. However, the sales percentage of the insurance premium and repair fertilizers, which in the medium farm size contributes the most to the total sales of the market, and the sale percentages are 53. 1% and 59. 7% respectively, and the Exhibit 4 showed that the Premium fertilizers and Regular fertilizers of PNI view as the highest ($89. 5) and second highest gross margin ($66. 11); hence, PNI should focus on selling premium and regular fertilizers to small and medium farm size customers. In addition, it is unnecessary for PNI to focus on the sale s to dealers because PNI force out non stop the trend that the sales volume to dealers is decreasing year after year. remark: 1. Medium and large husbandmans hold great grow potential. 2. Small and Medium farms prefer Premium blends fertilizers, which is the most utile fertilizer product in PNI (gross margin: $ 89. 95/ ton) Strategy Diamond ModelThe strategy diamond, which includes arenas, vehicles, differentiators, scaffolding and pacing, and economic logic, shows how well a bon ton do its business in a strategic level. Arenas: PNI’s current product and service lines consisted of fertilizers, pesticides, custom exertion function and oil testing. The PNI in Lancaster is one of the subsidiaries in the 6 geographical regions, which are Northeastern United States, Eastern Canada, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and South America. In toll of diffusion channel, the play along outsource a hand truck club to cut down on their distribution be.Moreover, the caller-up deem modern equipment to let products and have the best trained operators to brook operate in the region. Vehicles: in that location is no information slightly vehicle in the current situation. However, if PNI select the second alternative, which is adding a seed business in the near future, the federation may alliance with Larson Seed, a regional seed producer, to pop the question expertise and sales training for PNI sales advisors. Differentiators: PNI bundles their expenditures so that when a farmer debases their product the services are also included in the price.The services provided are also customizable to the farmer’s needs. They have the most qualified operators in the region, and because of this, they are able to provide the highest feeling services. They have a strong long lasting family relationship with their customers as they have been in the business for 20 geezerhood. Furthermore, PNI is the only fertilizer provider in the area with proprietary, premium fertilizers, had invested hard over the years to develop and test their products. for each one customer needs different services that guess on that customers situation by creating value bundle.Staging and tempo: thither is urgency for PNI to do internal development because the company wanted to perform better in the next year (1999). So, the top management had come up with lead alternatives to either adding modernistic businesses or strengthening the current business. Economic logic: There is a great potential for PNI to generate more profits when the company minimize its exist. The case mentioned that PNI didn’t gain its upper limit capacity. For example, the capacity of PNI unify plant is 14,000 tons/ year; however, it honest immingle virtually 10,000 tons in 1998.By achieving the maximum capacity, the company keister utilize the economies of scale to assign the fixed cost of the production into each process, so that the company batch make more prof it. expressions: Overall, PNI didn’t perform very well in 1998 because the operations within the transcription don’t function well. The major moderateness of it is that the production level didn’t meet the maximum capacity, which increases the cost of each product. When costs go up, the revenue will decrease (assume the volume sold is the same).Internal Analysis-Value Chain analysis The Value Chain is a barb to analyze the internal environment of a company and determine where the business concentrates their efforts. Inbound logistics: PNI’s retentivity store met the latest U. S. environment standards for fertilizer and pesticide storage; however, its storage is able to handle a substantially big volume than currently required. This means the company have high variable cost per item because it didn’t fully utilize its storage. Operations: The capacity of PNI blending plant is 14,000 tons/ year; however, it middling blended approximately 10,000 tons in 1998.This means PNI were not achieving the maximum capacity. The company has twain types of practise equipment, which are modern and in right-hand(a) working order. The prototypicly type is fertilizer equipment, which consist 25 bulk, full-typed broadcasters. The cost of the equipment is incorporated in the price of fertilizer, so it is relieve for customers. However, customers just used bulk spreaders on intimately 80, 000 estate in 1998, which is about 32000 terra firma per spreaders, which is little(prenominal)(prenominal) than a spreader’s capacity of about 4000 kingdom. So, the company shag reduce the number of spreader it gave to customers to reduce costs. oxygenize spreader is more draw inive to large and medium farmers. The capacity is 8000 acres per year under exemplar condition, however, only 4000 acres in 1998, which is only half(prenominal) of the actual capacity. Consumers can choose to pay for it by bundling price of equipment to fertilizers or scatter the price for spray equipment and fertilizers. The new(prenominal) type of constancy equipment is pesticide application equipment. There are two moving applicators under pesticide application equipment, which are small unit applicator and larger unit applicator.The capacity is 8,000 acres per year for smaller unit and 10,000 acres per year for larger unit. In the last two years, these two units are fully utilized, which sprays a total of 18, 000 acres of land each year. The problem is two application units were fully booked, whether lack of application capacity index be constraining pesticide sales. The mark testing testing ground can handle 14000 samples per year; however, it only handled 6000 samples in 1998. Outbound logistics: PNI deliver raw materials by using an excellent rail service and a local trucking firm handled all shipment to customers.Dunwoodie utter that the outsourcing of PNI’s trucking had reduced costs and investments subst antially. trade and sales: PNI is the only fertilizer supplier in the area with proprietary, premium fertilizers, had invested heavily over the years to develop and test their products, which are urea and ammonium, regular N-P-K, and premium N-P-K. The last product was a proprietary product that carried the Nutri-Plus brand, which provides significant economic benefits to farmers and the sales of it accounted for half of sales in 1988 and an change magnitude percent percentage of PNIs total sales over prison term.Most of customers didn’t command about price, so they are less price natural. Dunwoodie estimated that to be about 40% of the total acres case-hardened with chemical substances sold by PNI. The market segments are depending on the size of farm, which are sorted by small, medium and large. There are up to 100 acres of crops in small farms, 100-500 acres of crops in medium farms and over 500 acres of crops in large farms. PNI charge on the basis of the customers cleverness and willingness to pay and are sharing in the benefits it bring forth for the customers, which result in higher margin, premium products.However, PNI woolly-headed profit on the higher prices of these products due to high cost of service. The company had about $25,000 in its work out for marketing. PNI spent most of them on PNI-sponsored events where 25-50 local farmers were treated to a meal, some drop offtainment, and an information program. PNI also publicise in local newspaper and gave away hats, pens, and other premiums to customers and prospects. Moreover, $5000 was spent on a corporate cusp in 1998. Service: extensive agronomic services: soil analysis, crop scouting, nutrient consulting, micronutrients analysis, and pesticide and fertilizer application.Sales voice do delivery, application, consultation, consultation, and billing to customers. Also, they kept latest product knowledge and attempted to build strong in the flesh(predicate) relationships with e ach customer result in low customer turnover rate. Procurement: Supplied by its sire company. Technology development: PNI use modern equipment to produce products and advanced information system to provide more accurate data and feedbacks to the company. Also, if it decides to tangle with into the clearcutness agricultural business, it needs to use GPS system and other AgriTechs, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Yield Mapping and Remote espial Mapping.Human resources management: Brian Dunwoodie has 11 modules reporting to him that includes sales, marketing, accounting, production, administrative functions. Staffs are flexible and em parted, so that they could do what need to be done. Dave Claussen is responsible for developing PNIs marketing program. There are two services managers who work with sales consultant to determine the types of products and application rates for individual farmer clients. PNI is possible to use upper-level technical harbor because it use full time a nd better trained employees than competitors.Other company use part-time employees with little expertise with the equipment or procedures involved for applying fertilizers and pesticides. There are 4 sales consultants who is selling PNI products and services, working with existing customers, explaining soil test results, helping develop an annual fertilizer and pesticide program, providing general technical advice and attracting new customers. Average 30 days each year to sales and product training, compared to other competitors less than 15 days on training. Each consultant had a designated sales territory, which has approximately 140 customers. postings: 1.PNI have extra capacity of warehouse and machinery. 2. Outsourcing trucking service reduce the company’s cost. 3. Staffs are well-trained and be able to provide top-hole services to customers. VRINE analysis VRINE is a tool to analyze the internal resources and capabilities to determine if a company has a matched usef ulness over competitors. Value: There is no unique resource within the cheek because the applied science and resources the company use to produce the products is well to access by other competitors. However, the company provide customized services and products to customers, which provide benefits to farmers.Also, PNI has the best operators within the placement to serve its customers, which helps the company to build a soundly relationship with customers. It also used the â€Å"win-win” philosophy and dispatched sales representatives to keep a good long-term relationship with its customers Rarity: The resources the company use are not rare, because it can be access by competitors too. Inimitability: The applied science the company use to produce products is easy to model by competitors. Non-substitutability: The chemical fertilizer product can be substituted by Biofertilizers, which is made from microorganisms.Pesticide can be substituted if farmers buy pest-resistant seed to remove the need to by pesticides. Exploitability: PNI didn’t manage its resources well because they have worn a lot of resources in the process of operations. For example, the capacity of PNI blending plant is 14,000 tons/ year; however, it just blended approximately 10,000 tons in 1998. Air spreader is more attractive to large and medium farmers. The capacity is 8000 acres per year under ideal condition, however, only 4000 acres in 1998, which is only half of the actual capacity. Observation: 1.PNI has a non-sustainable competitive advantage. 2. The crusade of resource within the organization is poor. External analysis -Porter’s five forces Michael Porters five forces model, which determined industry profitability, included degree of rivalry, threat of new entrants, supplier force, buyer power and threat of substitutes. Rivalry (High) There were five companies sell fertilizers and chemicals to farmers around Lancaster. PNIs largest competitor is Lancaster C ounty Co-op. It supplied both crop and livestock inputs and procured grain through a separate division.It also offered application services-farmers were dissatisfied with the quality of these services and co-op didnt provide many value-added services, such as precision agriculture. some other competitor is metalworker Farm give, which is an independent dealer. It only sold chemicals and fertilizers and provide custom application services using less expensive, poorly trained, part-time operators. Smith Farm Supply offered the best prices in the area. The other three competitors are Archibald Farm Supply, Henderson Farm Supply, Wilmington Crop Services; they all focus on supplying chemicals rather than fertilizer. aff mightily of new entrant (Low) Since the arguing is so fierce, there is less chance that new entrant want to enter into the market. Supplier power (Low) PNI can directly get supplied from its mother company. Plant Nutrients International supplied fertilizer ingredient s to its subsidiaries. And their sales would not be influenced by the suppliers. Buyer power (High) The conquering cost for customers is very low, so no matter which company offer good service and lower price customers could switch forth and back. Threat of Substitutes (medium-high)Fertilizer’s potential substitute: Customers may switch to biofertilizer, which is made from organism is applied either by coating seeds with the fungus, because people’s awareness of luggage compartment health. Pesticide’s potential substitute: farmers may buy pest-resistant seed to remove the need to by pesticides Observation: Overall, the profitability of the market is not attractive because the competition is fierce, buyer power is high and there is some product can substitute the products the company currently sell. PESTEL AnalysisPESTEL analysis is used to analyze the external environment of a company; it stands for Political, sociocultural, Environmental, Economic, Technologi cal and Legal. Political: PNI’s warehouse met the latest U. S. environment standards for fertilizer and pesticide storage. Sociocultural: Many of the small and some of the medium farms in Lancaster were owned by Amish farmers, they were hard-working farmers whose religious beliefs called stewardship of the land. Most of them are willing to adopt technology that supported stewardship of the land.Environmental: The chemical fertilizers and pesticides PNI sell have a potential to dirty land, so the company should be careful about the environmental costs regarding ecological or environmental issues. Economic: Asian financial crisis happened in 1997-1998, so it is not a timing to enter market into Asia. However, the financial crisis has limited influence to the United States’ economic environment. Technological: The company use advanced training System to provide more accurate and particular data on customers.Moreover, PNI is possible to use high-level technical support because it use full time and better trained employees than competitors. Legal: Several national regulations cover fertilizer manufacturing and transportation safety and limit their potential impact on the environment and security. Observation: Overall, there are many factors outside of the company have the power to influence a company’s decision and strategic plan. Alternatives Evaluation 1. working the existing business harder Dunwoodie says that if they were to make no changes and just work their existing business harder they would be able to meet their objectives.They are lagging in the large farm segment and if they were to add 20 farms from that segment they would be able to meet their objectives. They could use their inordinateness capacity to spread out their fixed costs. Advantages: a. It has a great potential to increase the number of customers from medium and large farmers. b. It can help the company to reach out its maximum capacity, which will reduce the cost of each product because it assigns the total fixed cost into more numbers of products. (Economies of Scale) c.Could meet the financial financial promise within one year by attracting more medium farmers (the most profitable market segment) Disadvantages: a. It is hard to attract larger farmers because they prefer low-priced products. If PNI wants to attract larger customers, it should reduce product price, which means the profit will decrease as well. b. They should read and train more sales consultant to meet the increasing number of customers, which increase PNI’s cost too. 2. Adding Seed stemma Dunwoodie thought that adding a seed business to PNI would add value to the company.With the new genetic seed technology chemical sales would decline in the future thus creating more opportunities for seeds. Companies wish Larson Seeds were already fortunate seed suppliers. Larson was looking for a distributer in Lancaster, but Dunwoodie was worried about the already existing c ompetition in the seed market, the new module they would need to hire, and the training for the employees and the company alike to get into this business. Advantages: a. Its new genetic technology might increase seed sales. b. It can help PNI execute the product line. Disadvantages: a. he new genetic technology can also decrease chemical sales in future, which conflict with PNI’s current product line. b. Another challenge for PNI to access to the seed business was that it needed to partner with a good seed producer, so whether PNI can cooperating with a regional producer would became an of the essence(p) question for Dunwoodie to consider if he wanted to enter the seed business. c. This alternative is hard to meet the company’s one year financial obligation because it is a new business to add a seed business, PNI should take times to discover the right strategy to sell seeds. . the competitive market is fierce, for example, Monsanto is a giant in the seed business. It is hard to mistake market share from it. 3. Adding a Precision factory farm Services If PNI was to adapt the precision agriculture they would be the first ones to market with this service, thus creating a huge competitive advantage. There would be a huge start-up cost to start such a venture, expenses like; new staff, equipment, trucks, and training. With is new technology they would be able to better serve their customers allowing them to put together blue-ribbon(prenominal) agronomic packages.A lot of farmers were skeptical of the new technology but after reading the postdate, I get under ones skin that not many of the farmers are educated in the benefits of the new technology. It would be the sales force’s job to educate the customer on the benefits to be able to make the sale. Advantages: a. Many farmers were aware of precision agriculture and precision agriculture was a plan of attack trend, so adding precision agriculture would improve the customer service and increase total sales. b. It can complete the company’s services by providing more precise and accurate method to application service. . It will be a competitive advantage for the company, because no competitor enters into this service. Disadvantages: a. High cost: it would cost $10,000 to fix up up one pull-type spreader and $225,000 to purchase the truck with six separate tanks. Moreover, PNI still needed people, computers, software, and monitors and so on; the investment would be extremely large. b. The survey found that many farmers had skepticism regarding the real benefits of the precision agriculture. c. It cannot meet the company’s financial obligation in one year. FIT AnalysisInternal: Internally PNI hires the best operators and most experienced sales consultants so that they are able to provide the best services and informal employees. By meet the company’s goal, which is better financial performance in the next year, PNI should hire more sales consul tant to meet the increasing number of customers. Moreover, the company should try to achieve its maximum capacity in the next year, because it will significantly reduce the COGS. External: PNI has 5 competitors in Lancaster, which created a fierce competitive environment.However, PNI has its competitive advantage over other competitors, which is the customized and pukka service it provided and also the relationship it built with customers are both the assets of the company Moreover, there are many factors externally have the power to influence a company’s decision and strategic plan. Observation: Overall there is a good fit between PNI’s internal and external environment. It recruited full-time and well trained staff to provide sea captain services to customers, which is a competitive advantage of the company.Externally, customers and even competitors perceived PNI as superior services providers with knowledgeable sales reps in the region. Conclusion In conclusion w e think that PNI has the resource and faculty to either entering new business or strengthening the current business, because they haven’t achieve the maximum capacity of machinery and warehouse. Moreover, medium and large farmers have great growth potential and they prefer premium blends fertilizers, which is the most profitable fertilizer product in PNI.In addition, outsourcing trucking service reduces the company’s cost. Furthermore, PNI staffs are well-trained and be able to provide superior services to customers. PNI has a non-sustainable competitive advantage, which means its competitive advantage can be imitate by competitors. In addition, there are many factors outside of the company have the power to influence a company’s decision and strategic plan, such as government’s regulation and sociocultural factors. RecommendationAfter analyzing the organization’s internal and external environment, and all three alternatives, we recommend PNI choo se the first alternative, which is working on the existing business harder. We also suggest that PNI focus on targeting medium farmer because of the following reasons: 1. PNI have a competitive advantage over their competitors because of their superior quality and customer relations. At the same time, medium farmers value good services when buying products, which is what PNI good at to do. 2.They are less price sensitive than larger customers, which can help PNI increase sales. 3. Medium farmers prefer premium blending fertilizer, which is the most profitable products in PNI. 4. There are only 6. 7% of medium farmers buy fertilizers of PNI and 10. 6% medium farmers purchase PNI pesticides. This means there is a great potential for PNI to get more customers from medium farmer segment because the customer base is big. 5. It has a greater potential than other alternatives to help PNI achieve its one year financial goal.Other two alternatives need longer term than the alternative 1 to b reakeven, because PNI needs cost more money to implementing the seed business and precision business. However, it costs the company less to implement the first strategy, because the company already have all capabilities and resources to implement the first alternative. However, it is not to say PNI should only target on medium customers. Instead, PNI should keep targeting small and large customers, because it is good to diversify the risk of targeting only one market segment. However, the medium farmers should be the priority of PNI.\r\n'

'Alcohol Abuse Rehabilitation\r'

'Sojourners Recoery and Becket Springs r to each one knocked out(p) options such(prenominal)(prenominal) as cognitive Behavi oral examination Therapy and pharmacologic options that do increase the likelihood of continueing abstinent afterward manipulation. Alternative methods of preaching at these centers, such as acupuncture, have not been proven to be effective at promoting abstention, but may foster to ease withdrawal method symptoms. In growth to enrolling in a rehabilitation political program at a licensed facility, the both(prenominal)body should seek out endorse from his or her family members, as this will back up the idiosyncratic cope with the enormous stress of gift up intoxicant. intoxicant has a long and storied history in not Just American culture, but in legion(predicate) other world cultures as well. Its design in beverages is believed to have begun al to the graduate(prenominal)est degree 10,000 twelve months ago when civilizations in ancient Pe rsia and the Middle East produced a fermented fuddle from honey and wild yeasts (â€Å"An intoxicant explanation Timeline,” 2011). Wine, beer and liquor would in conclusion follow (in that order), as many societies enjoyed the intoxicating effects of the drug.During the 19th century in the United States, the average American drank 7 gallons of elegant inebriantic drink per year (â€Å"What in Americas History,” 2005). This rampant inebriation led to temperance movements and reformers that pushed for local and national prohibition. conclaves such as the Womens Christian Temperance Union (WEST) would eventually merge with the Anti- Saloon League and form a powerful coalition that elected officials to Congress and erect pressure on the government to ratify parapet (â€Å"What in Americas History,” 2005).The National Prohibition Act was later on enacted in 1920, outlawing the manu incidenture, sale, or transportation of inebriant. The Act was repealed 13 years later in 1933, but the heart was clear: the effects of intoxicant were seen by many as ungenerous and destructive, and these effects needed to be addressed. Today, the problems of intoxicant abuse and alcoholism have give way about epidemic in American society, as recent studies have asserted that 53% of adults in the U. S. Have account that one or much of their close relatives has a serious problem with swallow (â€Å"Alcohol Stats,” 2013).Each year in the United States alone, around 50,000 cases of alcohol overdose be reported, and in 2009, over 30 million raft stated they had determined under the influence of alcohol at least once in the previous year (â€Å"Alcohol Stats,” 2013). In 2007, the Center for Disease Control and cake (CDC) reported over 14,000 alcoholic liver disorder deaths and over 23,000 alcohol-induced deaths (not counting accidents and murders) (â€Å"Alcohol Stats,” 2013). The CDC also reported that in 2006, excessive alcohol consumption constitute the United States economy $223. Billion (â€Å"Excessive Drinking,” 2014). In an effort to combat the dangers of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, numerous in- uncomplaining and out- patient preaching centers atomic number 18 avail up to(p) to those that ar seeking answer for their affliction. This paper takes a manifestation at quaternion of these handling options in the runr Cincinnati atomic number 18a. These options complicate Alcoholics Anonymous, Sojourner regainy Services in Hamilton, OH, Delbert firm in Cincinnati, OH, and Becket Springs in wolfram Chester, OH.The model of intercession that each facility or program employs will be examined, as well as succeeder evaluate and recidivism. Additionally, this report will look at the force of variant models of alcohol interference and how no-hit they argon for the patient. Ultimately, it will lend advice as to the best give-and-take strategy one should choose when arduous to overpower ones addiction to alcohol. Treatment Review One of the most common and well-known methods of alcohol discussion in the United States is the mathematical crowd-oriented, outpatient design of Alcoholics Anonymous (abdominal aortic aneurysm).At its core, abdominal aortic aneurysm is a 12-step program that utilizes anonymous group meetings to help quicken the overarching goal of abstinence for each of its members (â€Å"Alcoholics Anonymous 12 Steps,” 2010). The 12 steps are divided into four phases: admitting one has an addiction and needs to abstain; patience of the alcoholics will to â€Å"the power of God or a Higher Authority; making amends to those the individual has fortify or wronged in the past; and spreading the essence of AAA and its 12 steps to others (â€Å"Alcoholics Anonymous 12 Steps,” 2010).By â€Å"working the steps” and attending the meetings, the individual is supposedly tending(p) a plan and support group to help him or her resist the urge to drink alcohol. According to Lee Ann Gaskets, Drop, of University of California-Berkeley, there is controversy on the research into the capability of AAA. Therefore, she provides â€Å"a focused brush up of the literature on AAA potential” (Gaskets, 2009). using six criteria to establish a causal unite between AAA ND abstinence, Swastikas states that there is just about assure that AAA is an effective course of treatment for roundone seeking to quit drinking.She writes, â€Å"rates of abstinence are about twice as high among those who attend AAA, and higher levels of attendance are relate to higher rates of abstinence” (Swastikas, 2009). Still, she ultimately concedes that more than than exhaustive research needs to be entire before judging the effectiveness of AAA. In a separate article entitled â€Å"Exposing the Myth of Alcoholics Anonymous,” self-employed person technical writer and attendee of â€Å"hundreds of AAA tenti ng,” Stephen Mohr rejects the imprint that AAA is an effective mode of treatment for alcoholics.He writes, â€Å"The fair play is that the available record strongly suggests that AAA treatment provides very minuscule or no long help for active alcoholics. Further, there is ample evidence that long-term repeated exposure to this program is truly solemn to many alcoholics who would fare better if unexpended on their own” (Mohr, 2009). Mohr cites Ass own statistics when establishing the ineffectuality of AAA, writing, â€Å"in 1989 AAA reported that, on average, after six months 3 percent of new attendees had left hand the program and that after one year sole(prenominal) 5 to 7 percent remained” (Mohr, 2009). perhaps more damning, Mohr recounts the findings of Harvard shrink Dry. George Valiant. Beginning in 1983 and wherefore every year for eight years afterward, Dry. Valiant followed up on 100 alcoholic subjects admitted to a clinic in Cambridge, MA, a nd who were later enrolled in Alcoholics Anonymous. He tack together that only quintuplet of the 100 subjects never relapsed back into alcoholic drinking, which was a rate no better than if they had been left to strive abstinence on their own (Mohr, 2009).Worse yet, he set that three subjects a year died from their drinking habits, notwithstanding being enrolled in the 12-step program (Mohr, 2009). And while these findings were from the asses, the fact that AAA has not changed its approach and/or treatment methods in the 80+ years of its existence indicates that they are still pertinent to today. Moreover, these selective information suggest that AAA is not only ineffective, but the fact that it is so widely regarded as the premier source of alcohol treatment prevents patients from pursuing more useful modes of treatment †ones that could potentially save the alcoholics life.The Becket Springs rehabilitation facility in West Chester, OH, is one of the alternatives to AAA th at an individual torment from alcoholism may consider. Becket Springs offers both in- patient and outpatient go to help meet the needs of the patient. The in-patient programs goal is â€Å"to enlighten [the individual] the tools of recovery and relapse prevention so that [he or she] can create a life expenditure living” (Patient Handbook, 2). When the patient is first admitted, he or she is assessed to develop an individual treatment plan. The assessment team and the patient will formulate a curry of goals to Ochs on during treatment.The assessment team itself is comprised of a psychiatrist, psychologist, stave nurse, patient care assistant, recreational therapist and hearty therapist all working together to despatch the recovery of the patient. Individual treatment complicates detoxification (if necessary), medical prescriptions pen by a psychiatrist, psychological evaluations with the psychologist, group therapy by â€Å"games, crafts, leisure education, creativ e expression and relaxation training,” and individual and family therapy provided by a licensed therapist or social worker (Patient Handbook, 2).Becket Springs furthers communication between the patient and family throughout treatment, and designates a daily time point for phone calls in addition to a trouble schedule that allows two hour-long visits per week and a family meal during the weekend. Along these very(prenominal) lines, Sojourner Recovery Services, located in Hamilton, OH, is a non-profit organization that provides in-patient and outpatient spunk abuse treatment for those addicted and their families.Sojourners assessment service is a natural evaluation conducted during a face-to-face session in order to determine the extent of addiction and optimal recovery strategy. The staff at Sojourner takes a holistic approach toward treatment, and offers a diverse array of programs, including: one-on-one counseling, lectures, group therapy, family sessions and discuss ion groups. The aforementioned staff consists of â€Å" experience counselors, professionals and volunteers †many of whom are recovering from addiction themselves †that truly care about each and every persons success” (â€Å"Sojourner Recovery,” 2012).Therapy models of recovery include: motivational enhancement to encourage the patient to become receptive to the healing act; â€Å"seeking safety to improve coping skills; â€Å"seven challenges” for adolescents seeking recovery; â€Å"stages of change” which helps patients progress through the quintet stages of recovery; cognitive-behavioral, which utilizes the belief that ones thoughts cause ones feelings and behaviors, rather than international people or factors; and acupuncture to help help symptoms and stresses associated with alcohol or drug withdrawal (â€Å"Sojourner Recovery,” 2012).The time of stay for the in-patient program varies according to the needs of the patient, giv ing the person as much or as little time as he or she needs. The Delbert House in Cincinnati, OH has a few distinct disunitees across the city. The Delbert House located in Clifton, OH, is a non-profit organization focused on intensive convict treatment of homeless men dealing with substance abuse †namely, alcohol abuse.According to general manager Chris Weanling, this branch of the Delbert House is a â€Å"shelter-plus-care” operation, which attempts to rid patients of their addictions while luck to reintegrate the individuals as functioning units of society (C. Weanling, in-person communication, July 21, 2014). They are encouraged to actively seek out employment and permanent residency. The Delbert House models of treatment include self-help classes, group concussions, one-on-one counseling, AAA meetings, and AN meetings (C. Weanling, in-person communication, July 21, 2014).A usual day in the life of a patient starts with a 7:30 a. M. Wake-up call followed with eat at 8 a. M. The rest of the morning consists of life-skills classes and chemic dependency education courses. At noon, the patients have lunch, and then attend their various therapy sessions (group and/or individual) in the afternoon. dinner is served at 5:00 p. M. , and then the patients have some free time before they are indispensable to attend an AAA or AN meeting (C. Weanling, personal communication, July 21, 2014).The Delbert House does not allow patients to use alcohol or any illicit drugs while they are enrolled, and thus each patient is subjected to a random, pointic urinalysis and/or breath-analysis test. In any given month, five or six patients out of 60 will test positive, with the incidences of positive tests fluctuating from appease to season and spiking around a holiday(C. Weanling, personal communication, July 21, 2014). The operation is largely state- funded, with tax dollars making it possible for the Delbert House to help the lives of the men it houses ( C. Weanling, personal communication, July 21, 2014).Given all the models of alcohol treatment (AAA, group therapy, cognitive behavioral, motivational enhancement, acupuncture, and so on ), Just how effective are they at promoting abstinence within the alcohol abuser? As discussed above, the effectiveness of AAA fronts dubious at best, and downright dangerous at worst. This is very unfortunate considering the fact that almost all court-appointed rehabilitation for alcohol offenders in Hamilton County involves AAA or an equivalent 12-step program (â€Å"Treatment Options,” 2009). On the other hand, research on endless outpatient group therapy seems to indicate its effectiveness.In J. Kim, et al. ‘s article, â€Å"The Effectiveness of Continuous Group Therapy for Outpatients with Alcohol Dependence,” he states that 3, 6 and 12 month abstinence rates of 94 cognitive group therapy subjects â€Å"were 56. 4%, 30. 6%, and 16. 9%,” respectively (Kim et al. , 20 11). The same abstinence rates for 83 subjects in a standard outpatient therapy group â€Å"were 28. 6%, 11 . 7% and 5. 2%,” respectively (Kim et al. , 2011). He thus concludes that continuous group therapy for outpatients is a practical and effective mover of achieving abstinence.Inpatient group cognitive behavioral therapy (CAB), though, is a little murkier. In their article, â€Å"The Effectiveness of an Inpatient Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Alcohol Dependence,” News and owe evaluated the effectiveness of attendance at an in-patient CAB program aimed at treating alcohol abuse. The study included 37 males and 34 females that attended 42 CAB sessions in three weeks, with News and owe gathering evidence on one and three-month follow- ups regarding the drinking habits of the subjects.The study data indicated that greater attendance at CAB sessions for inpatients did not result in greater abstinence rates, nor did it correspond with a reduction in th e quantity of alcohol consumed from he levels of pre-treatment (News & Owe, 2005). Thus, while patients that attended CAB sessions did seem to stand an improved chance of abstinence, News and Owe concluded â€Å"this study was unable to provide in force(p) support for the effectiveness of group CAB and cognitive models on problem drinking” (News and Owe, 2005).Another strategy for alcohol recovery is that of acupuncture. Acupuncture is a form of complementary and alternative medicine that uses the penetration of thin needles into special â€Å"occupants” along the skin of the body (â€Å"Acupuncture” 2014). Choc and attend to reviewed the efficacy of this approach in their article, â€Å"Acupuncture for Alcohol Dependence: A Systematic Review. ” After systematically searching nineteen electronic databases for randomized controlled trials, they found eleven studies that involved 1,110 cases.Though they conclude the results were â€Å"equivocalâ⠂¬Â and that â€Å"more research and well-designed, rigorous and large clinical trials are necessary,” the data they did discover suggest that there is no difference between acupuncture treatment and â€Å" sanctimony treatments” (Choc and Hang, 2009). In a separate study by Karts, Passive, Frederica, Wises and Schneider, thirty-four alcoholics were treated tit acupuncture to assess its effect on withdrawal symptoms.The study was able to conclude that â€Å"acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment to carbonized medication shows promise for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms” (Karts, Passive, Frederica, Wises, & Schneider, 2002). Thus, while acupuncture may not be helpful for an individual hoping to obtain abstinence, it does look to be promising in helping to relieve some of the anguish of going through withdrawal. In addition to models of therapy, most treatment centers also offer medications to help the patient on their road to recovery. Daniel E .Jonas, M. D. , M. P. H. , of University of North Carolina, et al. , finished a recent study that analyzed more than 120 different studies as to the effectiveness of various pharmacological pills on the alcoholic, and found that comparative and oral maltreatment showed the greatest potential for decreasing alcohol ingestion Moons et al. , 2014). Dissimilar, an oral medication available since the asses, did not show adequate evidence to support the vox populi that it can prevent relapse drinking or improve drinking level outcomes Moons et al. 2014). The article goes on to state that the four most effective medications are commemorates, maltreatment, depreciate and maleness, but cautions that patients should share in the decision-making do work with the physician, and medication should be taken in connexion with other modalities of treatment Moons et al. , 2014). Conclusion Judging by national recovery data, it can require a nearly Herculean effort for an alcoholic to successfully abstain from alcohol for a long period of time (years).The national average for alcoholics that try to remain abstinent for one year without outside help is around 5% (â€Å"Alcohol Stats,” 2013). Even Alcoholics Anonymous, by its own admission, has a 93% turnover rate in one year. With this in mind, its important for anybody that is trying to quit to not try to do so alone. The individual should attempt to enroll in each an inpatient or outpatient program at a local recovery facility. In the Cincinnati area, this could include Sojourner Recovery Services in Hamilton, OH, or Becket Springs in West Chester, OH.Both offer a variety of programs to foster an innate change within the individual, and employs a multitude of treatment models and pharmacological aids that can be intermix together for an optimal individual recovery plan. Perhaps most importantly, the person that is trying o recover should actively seek the help from his or her prompt family, if possible. Abstinenc e from alcohol is very difficult to grasp for an alcoholic, and a strong support system from people close to the affected individual will go a long way to facilitating a successful and long-lasting recovery.\r\n'

'Creepy figure Essay\r'

' daughter Havisham seems a speciall(a)y creepy figure as she sits at a dressing table in an old, yellowed spousal gown. The room seems to be frozen in time, and disregard Havisham, dressed as a bride, looks more the equal a corpse. When touch sees Miss Havisham, she is still wearing away her wedding dress. â€Å"She was dressed in rich materials †satins, and lace, and silks †all of w throwe. Her shoes were white. And she had a long white vail, subject from her hair, and she had adoption flowers in her hair, but her hair was white. ” reservation Miss Havisham wear her wedding dress at first gives us the impression t don she maybe is meant to be getting married that day.\r\nHowever we do soon find kayoed that she has been in her dress for years. This shows us that Miss Havisham is depressed. Throughout the next 10 or so chapters, blister leaves and moves to London with the money from an isolated source. make locomotes a gentleman living with his friend . In Chapter 27, Joe Gargery comes to visit Pip in London. After Pip reads the letter from Joe’s new wife, he wherefore swears â€Å"Let me confess exactly with what determineings I looked send on to Joes coming. Not with pleasure… ” This sentence shows us that Pip had grown up and matured also. And all the same become a snob.\r\nPip now looks down on Joe as he is common and not a gentleman like Pip. These few lines spoken by Pip start to make us feel a bit distant from him as he is now so different, it’s as if the endorser doesn’t know this man. When Pip arrives, he greets Joe dictum â€Å"How are you Joe? ” to which Joe replies â€Å"Pip, how air you Pip? ” Joe’s saving is a garbled attempt at look over-eloquent. It could read as if Joe is mimicking Pip, trying to say that he is posh, however, I think that all Joe is trying to do is act more upper class than he is infront of Pip so as not to draw a blank him.\r\nHowe ver, he does. Joe then says â€Å"Us two beingness alone now sir-” as to which Pip interrupts. By calling Pip â€Å"Sir,” and he seems to use his hat to divert his loathsome energy, and it’s constantly falling on the floor. This passage makes the reader feel self-conscious for both Pip and Joe as the use of striking irony sets in. We know what both the characters are thought and feeling, yet they do not. In Chapter 48, we read that Pip has to travel back to meet Miss Havisham. She has pass along to meet with him.\r\nIn chapter 49 Pip arrives at Miss Havisham’s house. On of the first few lines we read are after Miss Havisham say â€Å"Thank you” to Pip and we read that Pip â€Å"remarked a new expression on her face, as if she were scared of me. ” This shows automatically that there has been a role reversal. front Pip had been weak and timid and now it is as if Miss Havisham is the child. The cruelty of her actions seems to have fin ally hit her, and she breaks down, crying â€Å"What have I done! ” and even falls to her knees before Pip and begs his forgiveness.\r\nDickens uses Miss Havisham in this Chapter as if she had ‘seen the light’ and wants to repent her sins. At first in the book we don’t really like her, but now as she repents we grow fond of her and do indeed like her. Pip leaves the room, though returns a few minutes later on some odd presentiment. precisely as he walks through the door, the old adult female’s dress catches fire, and Pip wrestles her to the ground to issue the flames. Both of them are burned, Miss Havisham so earnestly that she is wrapped in gauze and laid out on the bridal table, in a mien of hideous echo of her normal white bridal gear.\r\nThe doctor warns that there is danger of her going into nervous shock. To conclude. Charles Dickens, one of the great writers of his time, uses many different techniques in Great Expectations to manipulate the reader’s feelings towards a character, such as repetition, confusion, the use of colours and dramatic irony. He uses his techniques to make us feel troubling for the ‘bad’ characters yet he controls this so that by the end we do Infact like them, which is why he is know worldwide for his work today.\r\n'

'Belonging in Strictly Ballroom and two related texts Essay\r'

'Explores the nonion of h disused outers †peck obsessed with be who prefer not to think for themselves. This Shows the pain mat by those excluded from the assemblage, eg Fran. Fran: I understand. You’ve got your Pan Pacific’s to win and I’m back in founding fathers where I belong.\r\nShows the disastrous effect conformity and headache hasten among belongers who gain their dictate inside the group at the price of conformity. Shirley Hastings, for example, lives a â€Å"life half-lived” cowering forward what Barry Fife lead say or think. She has let the league so dominate her that she has no respect for Doug and finish yet see her son Scott in price of winning competitions\r\nCan be seen as a fiction about multicultural Australia. At starting time the Anglo-Australians control the Federation, make the rules, delegate Fran (â€Å"Franjepannydellasquiggymop”) to role of handle outsider and close ranks against any possibility of c hange. The ratiocination scene reverses exclusively this as both Doug and Fran’s grandmother be included in the spring. The set of the crowd †started by Doug, then picked up by Fran’s father and grandmother †is carried on by the crowd, enabling Scott and Fran to dance at the crowd’s insistence, no longer under the control of the defame Barry Fife.\r\nExplores the contrast amongst honest belong where people speak and act from the heart and an artificial, rule-obsessed trend of Belonging. besides dance as romantic, authentic, joyous activity is contrasted with the hidebound rule-bound demesne of Barry Fife and his committee that decides what is â€Å"strictly B all in allroom”. Fran and Scott map true be where dance and passion shine naturally together and are set in contrast with the highly artificial dancers like Ken, Tina Sparkles and Liz.\r\nCould be read as a cheerful, upbeat, satirical parable tracing the shift from a adult male of pretended belonging dominated by conformity, fear and the misanthropic manipulations of the ultra-sleaze Barry Fife, towards the iconic last scene where the line between spectators and professional dancers blurs and is dissolved as Scott dressed in Spanish-matador costume and Fran in Spanish-style red dress target passion back into dance, rescuing it from the deadening effect of the doddery brigade. Arguably the last scene enacts a visual sensation of a more inclusive Australia that has gained freedom by including its toniccomers and learning from them.\r\nBelonging does not equal soulisation in the dance palace bounce world so, in order to belong, you gougenot be an person. Not belonging does not equal exclusion from every group. So, finding a group to belong to is the key to happiness. A biotic community can make its members tonicity either authorized or rejected if they fail to conform to the trustworthy norms. If enough people work together to gainsay powe rful or corrupt influences, then a new sense of belonging can emerge. This is a lot the case with generational change.\r\nTo belong is to be accepted, to be recognised, and to connect with others whether it may be with family, friends or culture. A sense of belonging is an instinctive human sine qua non in all of us as it gives us security, emotions whether they would be true or interpolate, and a club or bond with others. Accepting or resisting belonging induces characteristics which define the item-by-item. They are shown to have different forms of relationships with others in their life. Ultimately, these relationships whether based on artificial or materially emotions, give the character a sense of identicalness and a sense of where they belong. Although it is seen as a resilient requirement in everyday life, to belong is heavy as there are many barriers, and whether or not an individual can overcome these obstacles, it will essentially determine where the individual belongs. The experiences approach by the individuals also define their concept of belonging. There is of all time a place where everyone belongs.\r\nBeing based on the conformist ideas of ballroom dancing, Strictly Ballroom, an Australian blast directed by Baz Luhrmann in 1992, all the way expresses the effects of wanting to belong and not belonging through with(predicate) with(predicate) several characters. The protagonist of the film, Scott Hastings struggles to express his individuation in the ballroom community. referable to his desire to be the pans-pacific champion, he is forced to dance his own style in the opening scene, which is seen as arrogant, by the ballroom community and as a result, he isn’t accepted for the way he is. Instead he is isolated from everybody because he resists to conform to their ways.\r\nThat is until a beginner dancer by the name of Fran, seen as a nobody that has been alienated receivable to her major differences with her appearance, dancing skill and confidence level compared to the professional dancers, embraces Scott nevertheless though at origin he doesn’t identify her as a possible partner. Due to her instinctive need to belong and seeing this as her chance, she convinces him by telling â€Å" I want to dance with you, your way. ”\r\nBallroom dancing is strict competitive lifestyle, where an individual must revolve their life around it. It is seen as being flamboyant and flashy. However this world is fake and to fit in you too must be artificial in a way that you have to have false emotions. False emotions like savour is shown through the ballroom style of dancing as Scott explains the Rumba to Fran as feeling â€Å"like your in love”.\r\nIn the film, there is another world that is also explored in which the individual connects with family and culture. It is a world where everyone is connected despite their differences, it is the truly world with real emotion, real passion and real feeling. Fran has a place in this world with her culture and family. In this case, when Scott chases after(prenominal) Fran he meets her family living on the outskirts of town possibly implying that they are outsiders. However, the roles are reversed. Fran is now somewhere she belongs, and Scott is excluded collectible to various(a) barriers including language barriers and cultural differences. Scott is humiliated as he doesn’t perform the Paso Doble correctly due to the fact that he dances with the desire to win. As a result of not belonging he is taught by Fran’s family to dance from the heart to express authentic feeling. His instinct tells him he needs to belong with this world, in order to express his individuality.\r\nBelonging is delimitate in the film through two worlds, family, and ballroom dancing which completely contrast separately other. Baz Luhrmann creates an understanding of belonging through various techniques that differentiate the people that b elong and don’t belong. The costumes of the ballroom dancers\r\nare all colourful and flashy, while the outfit Fran wears is bland and plain, clearly showing that she doesn’t belong. As the film is ending, Baz Luhrmann uses the form â€Å"Love is in the Air” to not only outline the relationships between the characters but also to create an understanding of Scott recognising and accepting Fran for who she is. After the many experiences facetd by the characters, Fran and Scott finally understand where they belong. They belong with each other. It is an instinctive need for people to belong which is seemingly shown through the closing moments of the film, as everyone starts dancing, everyone belongs despite their differences, and everyone is accepted.\r\nThe social lion force\r\nDisney’s The Lion King plan book of account written by Justine Korman relates to the idea that you do belong somewhere, but whether you accept it depends on the experiences the individual has faced. Inspired by the Shakespearean play, Hamlet, the storyline outlines where the characters real belong. The main protagonist, Simba, is blamed for the conclusion of his father who is King of the PrideLands, which was caused by his power hungry uncle, Scar. He is told to â€Å" rush along away and never return”. The idea is that Simba has been exiled and is snap off off not belonging with his pride. But as seen as in Strictly Ballroom, there is ever a place where you belong, and its only instinct that the individual would want to belong. Simba is soon saved from possible death by a friendly duo that apply him in to their jungle, into their home. They nurture him till he becomes a fully grown adult lion bragging(a) him a place to belong and feel secure.\r\n presently after, Simba is confronted by a childhood friend named Nala, who sparks old memories and experiences of life with his pride. At first there are barriers because he doesn’t want to r eturn and face his past but after guidance he remembers where he belongs, He remembers who he is, He remembers that he is King. Upon returning home with his friends, and defeating Scar and saving all the lions, Simba’s instincts allow him to fit in with his new pride.\r\nBelonging is defined in this picture book as being accepted, and no matter where he goes, Simba is accepted due to his instinctive need to feel safe, and have real emotions, real associations, and a real place to belong.The illustrator, Don Williams shows this acceptance through various scenes expressing emotions on characters faces, as well as through body language.\r\n bare\r\nScott Monk’s fiction, Raw relates to Strictly Ballroom, as the story implies that there is endlessly a place where an individual belongs. Belonging is defined in this text as having people that you can rely on and have a slap-up relationship with. Sam, the owner of the Farm, a correctional facility, commits himself to perp etually being there and invariably being a reliable person to all the members of the Farm. Although at first the protagonist, Brett Dalton resists help and care from Sam, he cant occlusion his instinctive need to belong and have a connection with the members of the farm, such as having a friendship with Frog, Josh, and Sam. Scott Monk creates an understanding of belonging in this novel with imagery and dialogue, for example the scene where due to Brett’s actions, the whole Farm suffers and has to go on a long run, makes Brett feel isolated, like he’s being watched, and targeted, implying that he is an outcast and doesn’t belong.\r\nAs seen as in all texts, there is always an instinctive need to belong somewhere, whether it may be with family as seen with Fran, new friends as seen with Simba, and new bank as seen with Brett.\r\n'

'A Day in a Life: a Summary of the Case and Some Questions Essay\r'

'* unofficial of the case\r\nThis case shows a daily cipherings(a) life of Rachel, the protrude handler of a lifesize information systems bulge, to mainly discuss whether she allocates her judgment of conviction appropriately or non. When we push back a closer sapidity at her kit and caboodle on that certain day, hence we bottom of the inning classify those works into three part: sick related to, non- take care related, and routine works. After analyzing those works from each(prenominal) whiz by each, therefore we are suit competent to buy the farm the concept easily of whether Rachel has been playing a equitable role in project manager. No matter the answer turns out to be yes or not, we close up can improve her work scroll more efficient by viewing the chair of our analysis.\r\n* Answers of the questions\r\n1. How in effect do you think Rachel played out her day? Based on the whole day account provided by the case, I would handle to make a table to ad dress how effectively Rachel spent her day. The gist above shows that Rachel spent around 70% of her working condemnation cut throughing directly with project related work. Due to everyone has different aspects in judging how effectively of Rachel regarding to the figure, from my plosive speech sound of view, when a manager who can shed his or her clipping on project work beyond 65%, then I would be wish consider he or her is an effective project manager. So, therefore, in this case, Rachel is no doubt to be positivist asset to her participation for certain(p).\r\nSee more: Beowulf stress essay\r\n2. What does the case tell you about what it is like to be a project manager? a. Outlining specialized goal for teammates As an appropriate project management, he or she must act like a captain of a big ship agreement exactly which way we should move on in the center of the broad ocean. regurgitate management not only has to have good sense of direction, notwithstanding lik ewise has to monitor what is passing game on in each phase. People says that the performance of the team is not determined by the most outstanding teammates, alternatively; is determined by the weakest one. That is existence said, making sure the slowest part to catch up the tone of the whole team is one of the imperative line of work of project manager.\r\nb. Integrating diversify workers from different incision One of the most hardest and special part of universe a product manager is to integrate diversified people from different department. Due to project team sometimes is temporary and short, different field’s people they don’t know each other well, so that it index occur lots of conflicts during cooperating period of time. From my personal experience over the retiring(a) few years, tasks failed not because workers didn’t have the capacity to fulfill the task itself which was because they spent too more than energy and time on dealing with each o ther because each individual has his or her opinions. Therefore, if project manager doesn’t have outstanding accessible skills to lead each worker, no matter how judicious he is, then he is not able to complete the mission as he expect.\r\nc. macrocosm an optimistic cheerleader and brawny coordinator in the midst of each department Most of time working is frustrated especially as a member of a impertinent team. Sometimes, workers not only have to be responsible to project manager but they also calm down have to do original tasks from their regular team. How can they be cheerful if pressures come from both sides of the supervisory program? Thus, project manager somehow should be a cheerleader to give out these teammates some sort of incentives such as extra bonus or holidays, asked from big boss, to instigate them to begin the tasks done as soon as possible. Moreover, product manager needed to be powerful in order to coordinate conflicting issues between each depar tment. Take this case for example. Client menage is upset because they didn’t get certain features which promised by marketing representative and Rachel had no clues about it until she hears from one of the members. We all know project manager is of move the head of the project, but if Rachel has no power to get the features promised my marketing representative to her client, and then next time her client won’t become comp whatsoever’s loyal customer again.\r\nd. Take extensive responsibility that project is completely successful inside time and budget Unlike other available manager, project manager takes full responsibility in entire project which should be successful within time and budget (professor mentioned in reality it is wagerer to beyond the budget in order to get extra amount of money for next one). So, from this point of view, there is no other tune like project manager in impairment of huge pressure. On the other hand, some people office thin k to be a project manager can feel a capital deal of sense of achievement as long as finishing the task. Therefore, project manager is a job which needs all kinds of efficacy including organizing, allocating resources, communicating, cheering people, coordinating, politic skill, and so on.\r\n* Insights of the case\r\nA number of things I have learned from this case. First of all, Rachel, even though, spent 70% of her daily working time on dealing with project’s work directly, it doesn’t mean that she did effectively in the project itself. In other words, she still can save her time by taking care of client regular issue thoroughly and cautiously. Again, let’s take client firm’s case for instance. Regarding to the time table above, Rachel spent 130mins (25% of her total working time) precisely on handling this case! Is there any other way to prevent this kind of adventure happened? Answer would be yes by having a great report system among each depar tment’s head and Project manager, so that before things going to the public or to client’s side, they still have a plenty of chances to make it right, differently; they have no choice but to decamp more costs (time and money) to correct it again.\r\nMoreover than that, clients might have a negative experience on it and start to doubt whether this company has enough ability to handle this project. So, my point is that if Rachel were powerful enough; she would be able to handle this project more effectively. Thus, her boss needs to give her adequate resources during this period of time. As a project manager, although she has power in hand, she also has to use it very careful, otherwise as project team dismissed in the future, then she would wait a big problem in terms of working with her fellow workers. This is really a good case which gives me a whole profile of being a project manager. With this case’s help, I feel more knowledgeable of learning Project Manag ement this class in this semester.\r\n* Reference\r\n1. By answering the question 2 above, I referred to text book page 10, the topic of â€Å"The Project charabanc”, which giving me a several numbers of responsibilities that project manager should have. 2. Slides in Chapter 1\r\n(slides 1-11 and 1-12) also give me some points of view that what skills are needed as being a project manager.\r\n'